Sample Sat Essay Prompts

Sample Sat Essay Prompts When you’ve finished, leave the essay for a day or two, and then re-read it. This way, you’ll avoid making lots of silly mistakes that threaten the clarity and flow of your essay. N.B. Your critical engagement with the scholars and authors whose work you’ve read will count for a huge chunk of marks. This does not mean listing a load of names and rehearsing their arguments; nor does it mean disagreeing with everyone for the sake of it. Instead, think about whether or not what they’re arguing holds true in your experience â€" or compare them to each other. Secondly, if you’re working from books or downloadable articles, can you afford to work somewhere without the internet? The only thing that bothers me is the pricing policy. I can't say that this is a masterpiece but the essay look nice. This assignment is all about making the right choice. You will not succeed in creating a special mood for a reader if you don't know how to paint a picture using the words. It is more about words that wake up the imagination of a reader. Challenge our experts with the most complex assignments. We make sure the content we deliver is plagiarism-free. The software we developed checks every paper for your convenience. Leo Tolstoy wrote so many novels and short stories that I did not know which one to choose. This is one of those times when it is better to pay than to try doing everything by yourself. If you are satisfied with the paper, you can approve the order and download the final version in one of the available file formats. When the paper is ready, you will receive notification and will be able to review it. Making the decision to study can be a big step, which is why you'll want a trusted University. The Open University has 50 years’ experience delivering flexible learning and 170,000 students are studying with us right now. These cookies are strictly necessary for OneSignal's notification features. It is essential to the service that these are not turned off. This reliable company offers students from around the globe fast assistance and receives inquiries from the US, UK, Canada, Australia, Saudi Arabia, and South Korea. The words you choose are sometimes more important than the style and form of your writing. You can ask for a free revision if you want to change anything in it. Our friendly support team welcomes you at any time of the day and night. All our works have one thing in common - the highest quality. We work hard to deliver you only the best papers. I'm more than satisfied with the results of this experience. It was new for me, I was afraid that nothing was going to be the way I wanted. But all of my concerns were pointless, I'm happy. I know there is an important midterm essay coming so wait for my order, it will come soon. The absence of Facebook and Instagram will guarantee your concentration will be about a hundred times better, which will show in the quality of your work. Think of a conclusion, which will become your fifth paragraph. For performance reasons we use OneSignal as a notification service. This saves a number of cookies in order to apply notifcation services on a per-client basis.

Ncert & My Gov India Collaborates For Online Essay Writing Competition, Classes 9 To 12 Can Participate

Ncert & My Gov India Collaborates For ‘Online Essay Writing Competition’, Classes 9 To 12 Can Participate Who’s a family member who lives with you and is important to you? Think of a specific time they helped you with something. To get closer to the millennial generation, the service went through a re-branding process. We analyzed the feedback provided by our customers to get better and keep up-to-date. Every year, the college application process seems to get more complex, and more intense. NCERT and MY Gov India has together launched the ‘Online Essay Writing Competition’ for students of classes 9 to 12. And if you spend your summer warming up and training for the main event, you can start rereading your body of freewriting by the end of July. What do your friends come to you seeking help with? Josh has a complicated relationship with pianoâ€"his parents pushed him into it, and he’d like to quit as soon as possible. And he’s very close to his big brother, who recently left for college. He also has a little sister, who he’s never been tight with. The Common App allows you to fill out things like your name, demographics, extracurricular activities, and more, just once for every school that uses it. It is also where you’ll encounter “The Common App Essay,” otherwise known as your personal statement , which is what this guide will focus on. What’s an important conversation you had with them? But, we’ve offered some adjusted timelines lower down in case you don’t have the whole summer to work with. Did you grow up considering another place that is not where you currently live home? Tell the story of the first time you went there or the first time you remember going there. Was there a particular timeâ€"a summer, or a yearâ€"when that place became important? Describe the first time you saw their home, in story form. Tell the story of the first time you learned about these valuesâ€"say, a morning at Sunday School or a conversation with a grandparent. If they’ve changed, tell the story of the moment when they changedâ€"say, in a classroom, in a conversation with a friend, etc. What do people in your community or school know you for? Tell the story of the first time you did this thing. Tell the story of the most meaningful time you did this thingâ€"it might be, say, when you won a game, but it also might be when you lost a game, or when you quit the team. They say a piece of short fiction is about a moment after which nothing will be the same again. What makes you angry or furious about the world? Tell the story of a time you saw somethingâ€"visuallyâ€"that provoked that anger or frustration. Students can visit the official site of My Gov India and participate in the competition. All of papers you get at Aussieessaywriter.com.au are meant for research purposes only. Once your order is completed, you will receive an automated notification. In case you dislike the delivered paper, you can ask for free revisions of your order within the first 14 days or a full refund. Tell the story of a time when you think you did a great job of helping another person. Now, to make sure you stay humble, tell the story of when that person helped you.

Essay Writing Service

Essay Writing Service All of papers you get at Essay-company.com are meant for research purposes only. The papers are not supposed to be submitted for academic credit. You may decide to write a summary of each theory you have been discussing, or a short description of the historical or contemporary events you've been studying. Focus on clarity, conciseness, and understanding the differences between the theories. My third guideline for writing an essay is to use a plan. Once you've done all your reading, once you've done all your research you need to step back from it and decide what you're going to say. This guide offers detailed information on breaking down the essay question and writing a well reasoned and well researched essay. A brief guide for Criminology & Justice students to planning an essay. What this video to find out how to create the basic structure that all essays share. Evaluate the quality of our papers in various disciplines and academic levels. We are the most organic writing service out there. At EssayTigers, we take care not only of your papers but also of the security of your personal data. All connections are protected by SSL certificate, and all information stored on our servers is encrypted. So, when you say, “I’m paying people to write my essay, will it be original? As I've said before the most important thing in an essay is to come up with a clear line of argument and it's important to tell the reader about that right at the beginning. So set out your plan for the essay at the outset and then use the rest of the essay to actually build up your argument. All right, so my second major guideline for writing an essay is to make it clear where you are going. The reader needs to know what you're saying and needs to be aware of the path that you are taking in the essay. Essay-company always pairs me with a professional, subject-relevant writer. Order as many assignments as you need to finally have a good night’s rest. We’ll do each and every task timely and up to par. No burning deadlines, no tight schedules, no headaches. Have a good night’s sleep today, tomorrow, every day. Best students opt-in for a custom essay and enjoy the free evening as well as a positive mark. Score 75% and above stress-free with the help of Essay-Company. We cover Humanities, Science, MBA, Nursing, Management, and 30 more subjects. There’s always an expert online in your discipline ready to start on the order at once. Linking words are very useful in creating cohesion and 'flow' in your writing. Without them, your assignment will read like a series of sentences that do not flow or present a logical argument. So don't wait until the very end of the essay to reveal the main point that you're trying to communicate. Although it seems like an obvious point, I've read many essays where student simply don't answer the question. They'll talk about lots of things that relate to the question but they don't actually give you an answer to the question. So if the title is in the form of a question, make sure you answer the question. But what I'm going to give you today are some helpful guidelines which I hope will be useful to you as you set about the task of writing an essay. ”, you can rest assured that with Writers Per Hour, original is the only option. Plagiarism has serious consequences and we at Writers Per Hour fully understand that. Our relationship with you does not end with an essay submission. When we deliver essays, we ensure they’re up to the mark and most importantly, 100% original. So, the answer to your question is yes, we can write you an essay fast and not any essay, a well-written one.

How Many Paragraphs Is 1,000 Words?

How Many Paragraphs Is 1,000 Words? The service requires full cookie support in order to view the website. We do not offer refunds, however, delivery and accompanying benefits will continue for the remainder of the current billing period. You may cancel by emailing or, you may notify us of your intent to cancel at any time by emailing I remember stating that the session was 'one-off', but tbh im open to you getting back to me a few more times, if you would like to check if you got better / got it right. It's a nice way to begin their first playoff appearance in seven years. Radha Agrawal's Daybreaker empire is trying to change the world, one early morning dance party at a time. Her energy is infectiousâ€"if at times a little corny. But at times, her taste for leadership betrays a whiff of cultishness. Lifehacks Remote tutoring can help you finish your semester strong Tutoring services regularly offered on-campus have transitioned to remote learning with the rest of the university. You can change your subscriptions any time in your user settings. For the first time in a decade, the Lakers will have the best record in the Western Conference at the end of the season. Students were to submit write-ups on Google Link and Short Films and Audio/Video messages on the Whats app and College Email Id. Information taken from the outside sources will be cited according to the formatting requirements and the style preferred by your academic supervisor. All sources will be then organized into a reference list. we provide 300 words/page while other custom writing companies suggest 275 words/page only. Conduct some preliminary research on the topic in order to delve deeper into the essence of the subject area. Explore our blog, teaching tools, guides, white papers, and more. Data driven insights help determine whether students are doing their own work, enabling you to uphold your institution’s commitment to educational excellence. J. Cole opens up on life and his regrets on not collaborating with more artists in a new, published essay. Turnitin partners with global educators to share smart, creative instructional practices. When you place an order with us, you can get a discount for choosing the extended essay help. Hamilton Education offers the H3 Program, preparing students for three exams â€" the SAT, ACT, and PSAT â€" in a single effort using a skills-based approach. Often, simply looking at the test or even a diagnostic test is not enough to determine which test a student will perform better on. In fact, we’ve had dozens of students who were initially against takingâ€"or studying forâ€"the ACT goes on to earn perfect scores on that test. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. The service requires full JavaScript support in order to view the website. Find all the information that you seem to be lacking. Try to look at the central topic from various perspectives. Furthermore, students who know they prefer the ACT will still take the PSAT in the fall of their 11th-grade year, and this test could lead to significant financial aid for college. Each student is different and should discuss with parents and counselors when the best time to begin this process is. We have helped thousands of students around the world achieve significant point improvements on the SAT and ACT and help them attend their dream colleges. We only hire tutors with extensive teaching experience and a proven ability to help students make a meaningful connection to the material they are studying. The Essay Writing competition is open to all students presently enrolled inany undergraduate level coursein India. If you are getting hung up on the initial, creative part of your writing process, then you may utilize Paraphrasing-Tool to jump-start this process. If you already know of a way to express your idea, then this free tool will present you with a new way to state this idea within seconds. Paraphrasing Tool is very similar to an online, automated thesaurus, only much more powerful and efficient. This paraphraser will accomplish all of this work for you in a matter of seconds.

6 Online Tools That Make Essay Writing A Breeze

6 Online Tools That Make Essay Writing A Breeze When you write your essay, you will likely need to refer back to this information and include it at the end of your paper. In general, the information on wiki sites isn’t trustworthy because anyone can change that information at any time. However, visiting the sources linked at the bottom of a wiki page is a great way to find reputable sources. When considering how to write an academic essay, don’t wait until the last minute to begin your research. You may find that the information you need isn’t readily accessible online, so you might need to visit your local library or conduct more in-depth searches online. Essays are a widely used form of assessment that is used by lecturers. As a student you will need to demonstrate the ability to create a coherent and logical argument that proves that you understood the course work. Writing an essay can be a difficult task, however this module will equip you with the necessary knowledge and skills to successfully write an essay. After you gather your research, think about how you want to organize it. A simple five-paragraph essay should begin with an introductory paragraph, include three paragraphs presenting information or arguments, and end with a concluding paragraph. If your essay is longer than five paragraphs, it should still begin with an introductory paragraph and end with a concluding paragraph. buy essays online to improve their chances of submitting a premium quality paper. Whichever angle you select to tell your story, highlight the most important things that have shaped and continue to shape your identity. The ASK service is run by Student Academic Leaders who have demonstrated abilities in academic writing, research and general all around awesome-ness. Each main point that you make needs to be linked back to the introduction and the thesis statement. If you are struggling to write the introduction, reword the essay question in your own words. You also be required to devise your argument which is commonly referred to as the thesis statement. However, while those two types of essays to share a lot of features, they are also very different in nature. Discursive writing is the process of describing different sides of an argument in an attempt to find the correct one. In an academic essay, it’s not enough to say, “The Earth is round.” You must have reliable evidence to support your statement. Academic essays explore complex ideas and information, but this doesn’t mean your writing has to be complex, too. Opt for simple, straightforward language whenever possible. Persuasive essays are used to make an argument or persuade the reader to feel a certain way or believe something specific. First, focus on teaching the thesis statement and introductory paragraph. There are instances where an essay topic is provided, and all you need is to research and write within the given area. However, there are scenarios where you will be required to pick a topic that’s relevant to your field of study. However, you never have to do it alone, because we are there each and every time. Keep in mind that there’s a 100% plagiarism-free guarantee covering all customers at our website. We do not engage in paraphrasing/rewriting practices. It’s vital to write down or save the bibliographic information for all your sources, including websites. This information includes the author’s name, the title of the article or webpage, the page numbers , the date on which the source was published, and the URL . To outline the method of researching and preparing to write an academic essay. A step-by-step strategy to prepare for, research and write an academic essay. As a college student, lab reports, articles, critiques, case studies, and a variety of other writing assignments will come your way. Most students complete most of these assignments with little to no outside help.

Essay Writing Service You Can Trust When Need An Academic Writer

Essay Writing Service You Can Trust When Need An Academic Writer Every writer takes on those tasks that match their educational background and knowledge. Pay For Essay is a premium service that offers you reasonable prices. You'll achieve that future not overnight, but step by step. When want to figure out how to write a paper fast, these tips can take you to the final goal faster. The teacher believed this conduct represented a serious breach of academic ethics. That doesn't mean you can reference Wikipedia in an academic paper, though. Use it to find the information you need, and then locate that same information in a more authoritative online source. The important thing to keep in mind is the goal of writing a paper under the specific outline you have in mind. Don't try to categorize the ideas as silly or awesome; just write them down. You don't see the point in writing this last minute essay? Order the best custom essay the money can buy and turn the work in safely, knowing that it’s been written by a professional. 2000 Master degree-holders could write you a paper in any of these subjects. Give us at least 6 hours, and we’ll write you a 100% original essay according to order instructions. The instructor severely admonished the student and gave him an F for the assignment. You can always come back to enter the references later. Whatever the reason, if you cannot write an assignment, you have to find a way out of your panic. If you find yourself in this position, do not allow the situation to drift; try to act swiftly. We have many years of experience in writing thousands of different works. Therefore, the essay in order for our staff it is easier than ever. First of all, we would like to say that the market for such services, we are already a long time. Enough to earn through honest and positive reputation. Your personal and contact information will be used only to notify you about the writing process and deliver your order on time. You don’t have to worry that you can miss a deadline and turn a paper in late. All of our customers submit their papers timely. Unlimited revisions are free for up to a month if a paper is long and complex. If it’s an essay, then you can enjoy free unlimited revisions within 2 weeks. Our writers are professionals in the respective disciplines. Discussing your worries with your tutor and/or peers, or simply writing them down, will help you clarify why you might feel stuck. A few students can get so anxious about an assignment that they find themselves unable to write anything at all. Another useful exercise is to ask someone else to read the essay through. Where appropriate use simple and logical language and write in full or complete sentences. You should avoid jargon, especially jargon that is not directly connected to your subject area. The secret of our best essays is that our authors compose them from scratch, doing a deep research using advanced education sources. It needs to connect all loose ends of the paper's body, restate the thesis statement, and end with a bang. The conclusion is the part that leaves lasting impressions. It's an underestimated online source because it can be updated by the users, but it offers great information that you can use in your paper. You can be personal by offering your own viewpoint on an issue, or by using that view to interpret other authors' work and conclusions. One is that a good essay should be written in a formal, impersonal way with a good scattering of long words and long, complicated sentences. The student had submitted an essay written by someone else as his own. He had not indicated that he hadn't written it. He hadn't given any credit to the essay's true author, whose name he did not know. And he was prepared to accept credit for both the essay and the course, despite the fact that he had not done the required work.

4 Common Types Of Essays You

4 Common Types Of Essays You Choose a question to answer or an issue to address. As you do your research, you will likely find yourself narrowing your focus even further. This question or issue will form the basis for your thesis, or main argument. You'll need to incorporate those counterarguments into your essay and present convincing evidence against them. A strong introduction should also contain a brief transitional sentence that creates a link to the first point or argument you would like to make. When you write the outline, think about how you would like to organize your essay. For example, you might start with your strongest arguments and then move to the weakest ones. Or, you could begin with a general overview of the source you're analyzing and then move on to addressing the major themes, tone, and style of the work. Check out some of the major perks of using our service. A Master’s degree holding writer will help you complete the work in time and up to the mark. The reader should end up being satisfied, knowing that he learned something new from your essay and he just spent quality time with it. Leave some space for further research and intrigue the reader to dig deeper into the topic and find out more about the things you tackled. The body of the essay should provide arguments and evidence that prove the thesis statement. Our writers are professionals in the respective disciplines. Every writer takes on those tasks that match their educational background and knowledge. Paying for your essay is always safe and confidential. In addition, you can use an online service such as Discover to pay for your paper. Give custom writing a try and you’ll never want to go back to doing papers on your own. Begin your essay by narrowing your topic, researching your topic, taking notes, and brainstorming your ideas. For example, if you're writing a 1,000-word essay, your conclusion should be about 4-5 sentences long. If you're writing an argumentative essay, get familiar with the major arguments against your point of view. If you realize at least one thing that you like in writing essays, you may really want to do this and enjoy the working process. I had no trust in writing services before I found Writingessayeast.com. Correct, finely-written, and original papers bring only positive results. To write such texts, we offer you the industry-leading academic authors in your subject field. You can count on our paper writing service to draw up for you a new, 100% genuine composition based on your initial instructions. The similarity report will range between green and blue. If you don’t want to get into writer’s block, then you should hire a pro essay writer to help you out. It would seem that what could be easier than writing an essay? It is not any scientific work, which requires a huge amount of investment in time and effort. That’s what many people think, just started learning in higher education. On our and other writing essay services, you can order work in the most diverse, even unique theme. When you have a mind map in front of you, you'll know exactly what you're trying to achieve. The essay writing process will be much faster thanks to the minutes you spent in outlining. Receiving a new order, we first and foremost instruct a writer to carry out original topic research that is always based on requested sources. The high quality of writing is in every custom essay, report, or case study that we do. I had a negative experience with one company before, so this is why I was so suspicious. However, my condition was desperate and had no choice but to request custom paper. I was ready to get a stock quality piece, but this was a really really good one.

Essay Topics

Essay Topics That is, you have something you want to communicate or argue for and here is your chance to explain it in detail, support it, and defend it. The introductory paragraph should briefly orient the reader to the topic and provide a conceptual map of the rest of the paper. Although writing an essay is daunting for many people, it can be pretty straight-forward. Be sure that every “write my essay” order is treated with an individual approach by our professionals. Nowadays the Internet is drowning in websites of illicit content. Usually such websites are infested with fraudulent writing services. A team of vetted degree-holders and professional essay writers is here for you. Due to time constraints, I only audited this course. I found the content engaging and easy to absorb. New students will find this course very useful in learning and developing basic and essential essay skills. Often, the conclusion includes a judgment or decision that is reached through the reasoning described throughout the essay. The conclusion is an opportunity to wrap up the essay by reviewing the main points discussed that drives home the point or argument stated in the thesis statement. Essays are brief, non-fiction compositions that describe, clarify, argue, or analyze a subject. The essay I got was not perfect so I asked the writer to make a couple of changes. I’m glad that these revisions are not fee-based. The writer is polite, the support team is always there to give you explanations. Cope with your assignment on time with the help of our essay service. Students shouldn’t expect their essays to emerge from the writing process perfectly formed. Except in exam situations and the like, thorough editing is an essential aspect in the writing process. If you buy essays online, it is really important to know if the work is still in process or has been finished. Moreover, we can assure you that most companies put extra charges on such services. It should be an appropriate guide for writing at the middle school, high school, and lower college levels. The typical assignment I have in mind will be an argumentative essay, in which you argue for something, even if just an interpretation of someone an author’s work. The Introduction sets the scene for the essay and gives the reader a clear idea of what they can expect. A good introduction briefly introduces the topic and gives signposts to the main points that the essay will address. The way an essay question is presented will give you an indication of the type of essay you will need to produce. Regardless, there are similar processes you should follow to plan for and write your essay. Good essays are presented in a clear and logical format. Unlike reports, essays do not include headings so the links between paragraphs should be clear for the reader. Components of an essay include an introduction, thesis statement, body, and conclusion. An essay is a discussion in response to a question or statement. In it, you present an argument based on evidence and your analysis of relevant theory and research. Literacy ideas is a place for English teachers, students and parents to learn about writing and reading. It has a large collection of resources and tools designed to meet all age and skill levels. Once you are familiar with these sections, brainstorm and map out key points that you will cover in each section. Once you have a fair idea about your essay topic, start writing up your essay. Your initial writing attempts won’t be your final draft so don’t get too caught up in producing a final piece of work at this point.

Essay Writer

Essay Writer This will help them gain key insights into what they expect to gain from reading your essay. You also need to remember your introductory paragraph is what will keep your readers reading on. It is a crucial factor that keeps readers interested. Now it is time to look at the full topic and get a grasp of knowledge about the concept. Do not get lost in the moment of trying to make your idea heard by using long sentences. Instead, lay them out in a short, simple, and concise manner. This increases the readability of your essay and offers less stress to readers. In this section, you need to specify to your readers what the entire essay is all about. In other words, the introduction should consist of a paragraph that introduces your essay to the minds of readers. He believes that the plan for any type of essay is the same but how you approach essay writing is critical. The only thing that changes for each essay is the length and complexity of the project. New students will find this course very useful in learning and developing basic and essential essay skills. A team of vetted degree-holders and professional essay writers is here for you. It is by reading other writers, that we develop our own ideas and unique style. Discover how your own writing can progress and grow through gaining an insight into other writers’ minds and lives. The typical assignment I have in mind will be an argumentative essay, in which you argue for something, even if just an interpretation of someone an author’s work. Due to time constraints, I only audited this course. I found the content engaging and easy to absorb. Once you have a fair idea about your essay topic, start writing up your essay. Your initial writing attempts won’t be your final draft so don’t get too caught up in producing a final piece of work at this point. You will be asked to write an essay based on content you have learnt in class. In other words, researching the topic should come next after understanding its subject. This can be done by looking through related books and guides. Better still, following the digital path can come in handy. This way, you stand a chance to be presented with a large number of sources that provide quality and concise information about your essay topic. The Introduction sets the scene for the essay and gives the reader a clear idea of what they can expect. Once you know exactly what the question is asking of you, do a quick brainstorm to map what you already know about the topic and what you need to find out. That is, you have something you want to communicate or argue for and here is your chance to explain it in detail, support it, and defend it. The introductory paragraph should briefly orient the reader to the topic and provide a conceptual map of the rest of the paper. Although writing an essay is daunting for many people, it can be pretty straight-forward. It should be an appropriate guide for writing at the middle school, high school, and lower college levels. A good introduction briefly introduces the topic and gives signposts to the main points that the essay will address. Good essays are presented in a clear and logical format. Unlike reports, essays do not include headings so the links between paragraphs should be clear for the reader. Once you are familiar with these sections, brainstorm and map out key points that you will cover in each section. This book covers every aspect of academic writing for College, University and Secondary students. We love how simple, honest and clear his instructions are and believe you will complete your writing task much more confidently with his advice.

Online Essay Writing Service

Online Essay Writing Service Emphasize only one point or experience, as well as reflections on it, within each paragraph. Your introduction must be eye-catching, so the readers become engaged immediately. In a reflective essay, you need to express your thoughts and emotions about certain events or phenomena. There are over a dozen types of essays, so it’s easy to get confused. In a science or social science paper, mention worthwhile avenues for future research on your topic. Return to an anecdote, example, or quotation that you introduced in your introduction, but add further insight that derives from the body of your essay. The conclusion, like much of the rest of the paper, involves critical thinking. Reflect upon the significance of what you’ve written. Try to convey some closing thoughts about the larger implications of your argument. Don’t give details and in-depth explanations that really belong in your body paragraphs. You can usually postpone background material to the body of the essay. In a more technical paper, define a term that is possibly unfamiliar to your audience but is central to understanding the essay. Use a brief narrative or anecdote that exemplifies your reason for choosing the topic. In an assignment that encourages personal reflection, you may draw on your own experiences; in a research essay, the narrative may illustrate a common real-world scenario. However, rest assured, the number is actually more manageable. Essentially there are four major types of essays, with the variations making up the remainder. Generally, you want to raise your topic in your very first sentences. A common error is to begin too broadly or too far off topic. Set yourself an allotted amount of time to write and you could end up somewhere you had never considered before. This is excellent advice, and applicable in realms far beyond writing, such as choosing Christmas presents. If you look at your topic and nothing stands out to you, then it’s time to start making things stand out. The school curriculum actually makes this quite easy, because we seldom study the typical, run-of-the-mill events, people, books, discoveries and so on. Your order will be delivered strictly within the deadline. Our writers will need at least three hours to complete it. Check writers’ ratings, experience and awards to select the most proficient expert for yourself. Stay in touch with the writer and control the working process from start to finish. Deposit funds into your EssayShark balance so that a writer can work on your order. Start receiving proposals from our writers within minutes and chat with them live. In the example introductory paragraphs below, the opening statement, supporting statements, or thesis statement is highlighted. Provide some background information about your topic. You can use interesting facts, quotations, or definitions of important terms you will use later in the essay. When writing a reflective essay, keep a formal tone in mind. Compose a mind-map and create an outline which gives a clear direction to your writing. In most reflective essays, apart from describing what went right, you may also describe what went wrong, or how an experience could have been improved. Usage of one or more quotations in the introduction can make your writing more authoritative. State your supporting arguments, ideas, and examples in the body paragraphs. Parents, does your student need assistance with essays? Sign up for either ourElementary School Essay Writing,Middle School Essay WritingorHigh School Essay Writingcourse for 1-to-1 guidance. This counter-intuitive brainstorming technique helps perfectionists by taking the pressure off. What would be a really terrible essay idea that would make your teacher angry with you for writing it?

How To Write An Essay Fast

How To Write An Essay Fast You might also have heard your lesser arguments should go in the middle so you can begin and finish strong. Evidence can come in many formsâ€"textual evidence , statistics, expert opinions, testimony, specialized knowledge, physical observations, etc. You’ll want your strongest paragraph to be first, you second strongest paragraph to be last, and your weakest paragraphs in the middle. If you are feeling a lack of focus, try this writing app. It was specifically designed to eliminate distractions â€" no spell checkers, no auto-correction, no toolbars. That means she must begin by admitting, “I don’t understand” -- a daunting and difficult prospect. A little while back, we wrote an essay arguing against killing off the undergraduate essay. The piece generated a lot of reaction, much of it focused on the question of what an essay should be. Essays may not be all that fun, but this method can help to make the writing process ever-so-slightly more aPEELing. In this paragraph, we're going to look at the cuttlefish. While your conclusion should give some indication of the paper's arc, it should more importantly focus on the take home idea you want your reader to have. Start a vocabulary book by using a notepad and collecting new words and their meanings. The act of writing down the definition will help you remember it. Templates for Pages can help you format your essay in the proper style â€" APA, MLA or other. If you have the Pages for iOS app, you can access over a 150 different templates with the touch of a button. Go back and read through your paragraphs; you might need to rearrange them. While you are writing, it would be handy to keep a dictionary and thesaurus handy. No, we aren’t referring to those thick, dusty volumes that line the shelf of the library’s resource section. Dialogue â€" Share two or three exchanges between speakers; give the reader a sample of what is to come. Startling Information â€" Share an interesting, true, verifiable and surprising bit of information. Follow up with a few sentences that elaborate the point. Similar to the above, avoid repeating yourself and focus on using language effectively to help build an argument and create a sense of structure. Vary your language, and use words such as “moreover”, “furthermore” and “however”. Naturally, we are referring to a more modern tool. Once you have finished with the first paragraph, go on to the next. Once you have all our supporting ideas laid out, go back and elaborate on each. This is where you provide a more detailed explanation and discussion of each point. Good overall organization depends on your ability to know and craft a separate intent into each paragraph. With this, organization is as simple as determining a logical sequence. Someone has probably suggested you should begin with your strongest idea then move to your lesser ones. When you get to this stage in the writing process, you might be burned out. All you want to do is get some words down on the page and call it a day. After dotting the I’s and crossing the T’s of the introduction, move on to the conclusion. You’ll want to summarize the points and provide a few lasting thoughts.

How To Write An Essay Fast

How To Write An Essay Fast You might also have heard your lesser arguments should go in the middle so you can begin and finish strong. Evidence can come in many formsâ€"textual evidence , statistics, expert opinions, testimony, specialized knowledge, physical observations, etc. You’ll want your strongest paragraph to be first, you second strongest paragraph to be last, and your weakest paragraphs in the middle. If you are feeling a lack of focus, try this writing app. It was specifically designed to eliminate distractions â€" no spell checkers, no auto-correction, no toolbars. That means she must begin by admitting, “I don’t understand” -- a daunting and difficult prospect. A little while back, we wrote an essay arguing against killing off the undergraduate essay. The piece generated a lot of reaction, much of it focused on the question of what an essay should be. Essays may not be all that fun, but this method can help to make the writing process ever-so-slightly more aPEELing. In this paragraph, we're going to look at the cuttlefish. While your conclusion should give some indication of the paper's arc, it should more importantly focus on the take home idea you want your reader to have. Start a vocabulary book by using a notepad and collecting new words and their meanings. The act of writing down the definition will help you remember it. Templates for Pages can help you format your essay in the proper style â€" APA, MLA or other. If you have the Pages for iOS app, you can access over a 150 different templates with the touch of a button. Go back and read through your paragraphs; you might need to rearrange them. While you are writing, it would be handy to keep a dictionary and thesaurus handy. No, we aren’t referring to those thick, dusty volumes that line the shelf of the library’s resource section. Dialogue â€" Share two or three exchanges between speakers; give the reader a sample of what is to come. Startling Information â€" Share an interesting, true, verifiable and surprising bit of information. Follow up with a few sentences that elaborate the point. Similar to the above, avoid repeating yourself and focus on using language effectively to help build an argument and create a sense of structure. Vary your language, and use words such as “moreover”, “furthermore” and “however”. Naturally, we are referring to a more modern tool. Once you have finished with the first paragraph, go on to the next. Once you have all our supporting ideas laid out, go back and elaborate on each. This is where you provide a more detailed explanation and discussion of each point. Good overall organization depends on your ability to know and craft a separate intent into each paragraph. With this, organization is as simple as determining a logical sequence. Someone has probably suggested you should begin with your strongest idea then move to your lesser ones. When you get to this stage in the writing process, you might be burned out. All you want to do is get some words down on the page and call it a day. After dotting the I’s and crossing the T’s of the introduction, move on to the conclusion. You’ll want to summarize the points and provide a few lasting thoughts.

How To Write Essays

How To Write Essays To ensure you get only top-notch papers, we ask you to give us at least 6 hours. In a nutshell, EssayPro provides students with original samples by demand. However, if you are doing a group work assignment and your lecturer has asked you to work together and submit the assignment jointly, that is not collusion. Collusion, like plagiarism, has an element of dishonesty in it. People who collude do so secretly, as they know that the lecturer would not be happy. Plagiarism means using someone else’s words, ideas or diagrams without acknowledgement. Here is the final version of the chocolate essay. Plans can be structured/restructured at any time during the planning process. A plan is a physical outline of the way you intend to conceptualise, structure and present your ideas. Planning is an ongoing process, from when you receive the essay title to when you submit your final draft. Do the same thing for all the points that need academic references to support them. Lambert exemplified that chocolate consumption alone unlikely to precipitate obesity. Note the narrow focus of medical benefits (i.e. only considering magnesium) due to the short length of the essay. Note the findings show that there is no clear relationship between chocolate and obesity â€" an issue flagged in the introduction. Typified by Mellor’s findings â€" adults showed no weight increase after chocolate controlled diet. Your lecturers will want to hear your ‘voice’ as they read your essay. View a text version of the redrafting your essay diagram above. Always save each draft as a separate file; then you can see how your essay develops and improves. Sometimes an essay will begin with a direct quote to draw readers into the essay. Read the abstract and ask yourself if the content of the article is likely to be relevant to your essay. Another option is to use an internet academic search engine such as Google Scholar. N.B. Make sure you are logged in to the library at your educational institution, so that you can use the full database capacities linked to Google Scholar. Once you are happy with your brainstorm you can use it to plan your essay. Scope â€" where you outline what exactly is going to be covered in relation to your argument. View the text description of the above body paragraph example. You can then add examples and references to make your paragraph stronger. No specific correlation found in literature (Beckett, 2008; Lambert, 2009). You can also download a PDF version of the chocolate essay. As you can see from the assignment planning calculator, if you only start your essay a few days before the due date, you will have to do things too quickly. Before you begin your essay, have a look at the Massey University assignment planning calculator. View a text version of the above proofreading and editing your essay considerations. Proofreading has a micro-focus on the details of your essay, such as formatting, grammar and punctuation. Editing focuses on the big picture elements such as overall structure, appropriate paragraphing and whether the question has been answered.

Write My Essay For Me

Write My Essay For Me Another scholarship essay length you may encounter is 1,000 words. With a 1,000-word scholarship essay, you will need to cite sources and provide detailed references to support your claims. 1,000+ word essay prompts are often used for writing competitions, where you may be asked to create a fictional story. The extra length gives room for extra creativity, but it also requires more time to put the perfect piece together. 500-word scholarship essays offer more writing flexibility than 250-word essays. In sum, the student essay falls into the same genre as the essays we ourselves write. Although all of those arguments have merit, our own thinking on the subject is both more old-fashioned and more radical. A few well-written and organized paragraphs that answer the question and showcase your command of language may score better than pages and pages of writing. A thesis is the main idea or argument that guides an essay. The thesis sets up what the reader can expect to learn from your essay. In just one sentence, it explains how you plan to answer the prompt. Conventions include spelling, punctuation, sentence structure, and grammar. We think the essay form is still the best way for students to think hard on the page -- but we are not fans of formulae. Instead, we’re in favor of inquiry-based learning, evidence-rich analysis and process work. Wouldn’t it be a shame for a teacher to miss the excellent points you made because of poor grammar? To avoid this, always use proofreading software, such as Grammarly, to weed out the major errors. Follow up with a close reading of your entire paper. To build a house, you follow codes that ensure a basic build quality. A house that meets this standard, won't fall over, let the rain in, or let the heat out. It might only be a bungalow, but at least it will stand. In any case, the essay ends somewhere different from where it began. The reader has learned something, precisely because the author has. Something interesting has, ideally, taken place. Get all your thoughts on paper, and you can extend or shorten the essay during the editing process. No matter which side of the argument you choose, you should acknowledge the other angle and negate those statements. As you will see below, we remark on why some students may not want cell phone usage policies. We will also suggest how to get around those concerns. Doing this provides the best possible support for your thesis because it shows you have taken every angle into consideration. Having lots of mistakes suggests carelessness and diminishes the credibility of your arguments. If you make too many errors, your writing will be difficult to understand. If you want to write better essays, you will need to understand the criteria teachers use to score them. As a good test, I tell my students they should never be more than one sentence away from their thesis. By this, I mean that if, at any point in their essay, they need more than one sentence to connect what they're saying back to their thesis then they are off-track. Your thesis statement is the most important part of your essay. It is the crux of everything and functions as a guide to your entire paper. With a shorter word count, you are often forced to summarize long-winded thoughts into quick to-the-point snippets. 500 words give you more room to express your opinion. Yet, it is still short enough that it does not need footnotes and cited resources, usually. 500-word essays do not have to be exactly 500 words, but they should be as close as possible. The essay prompt may say “in under 500 words” or “in at least 500 words,” which would state whether 500 is the minimum or maximum word count.

Write My Essay For Me

Write My Essay For Me Another scholarship essay length you may encounter is 1,000 words. With a 1,000-word scholarship essay, you will need to cite sources and provide detailed references to support your claims. 1,000+ word essay prompts are often used for writing competitions, where you may be asked to create a fictional story. The extra length gives room for extra creativity, but it also requires more time to put the perfect piece together. 500-word scholarship essays offer more writing flexibility than 250-word essays. In sum, the student essay falls into the same genre as the essays we ourselves write. Although all of those arguments have merit, our own thinking on the subject is both more old-fashioned and more radical. A few well-written and organized paragraphs that answer the question and showcase your command of language may score better than pages and pages of writing. A thesis is the main idea or argument that guides an essay. The thesis sets up what the reader can expect to learn from your essay. In just one sentence, it explains how you plan to answer the prompt. Conventions include spelling, punctuation, sentence structure, and grammar. We think the essay form is still the best way for students to think hard on the page -- but we are not fans of formulae. Instead, we’re in favor of inquiry-based learning, evidence-rich analysis and process work. Wouldn’t it be a shame for a teacher to miss the excellent points you made because of poor grammar? To avoid this, always use proofreading software, such as Grammarly, to weed out the major errors. Follow up with a close reading of your entire paper. To build a house, you follow codes that ensure a basic build quality. A house that meets this standard, won't fall over, let the rain in, or let the heat out. It might only be a bungalow, but at least it will stand. In any case, the essay ends somewhere different from where it began. The reader has learned something, precisely because the author has. Something interesting has, ideally, taken place. Get all your thoughts on paper, and you can extend or shorten the essay during the editing process. No matter which side of the argument you choose, you should acknowledge the other angle and negate those statements. As you will see below, we remark on why some students may not want cell phone usage policies. We will also suggest how to get around those concerns. Doing this provides the best possible support for your thesis because it shows you have taken every angle into consideration. Having lots of mistakes suggests carelessness and diminishes the credibility of your arguments. If you make too many errors, your writing will be difficult to understand. If you want to write better essays, you will need to understand the criteria teachers use to score them. As a good test, I tell my students they should never be more than one sentence away from their thesis. By this, I mean that if, at any point in their essay, they need more than one sentence to connect what they're saying back to their thesis then they are off-track. Your thesis statement is the most important part of your essay. It is the crux of everything and functions as a guide to your entire paper. With a shorter word count, you are often forced to summarize long-winded thoughts into quick to-the-point snippets. 500 words give you more room to express your opinion. Yet, it is still short enough that it does not need footnotes and cited resources, usually. 500-word essays do not have to be exactly 500 words, but they should be as close as possible. The essay prompt may say “in under 500 words” or “in at least 500 words,” which would state whether 500 is the minimum or maximum word count.

Essay Structure

Essay Structure If you're writing an academic essay, or any type of essay that requires you to support your claims with evidence and examples, you'll probably need to do some research. Head to your library or go online to find up-to-date sources that provide accurate, verifiable information about your topic. Narrow down your topic so your essay has a clear focus. Depending on your assignment, you may already have a specific topic you are supposed to write about, or you may simply be asked to write about a general theme or subject. You can write a really fun essay making a case for them, but you can also use those claims just to shed light on the side of the issue that students and teachers rarely think of. Take a plain piece of paper and write down all ideas that come to your mind. You can order essay from the last minute essay writing service. Outsourcing the project to a writing company may be the solution you need, but you don't always have money for that. You can also text your essay writer directly and ask them anything about your project. By making an order beforehand, not only do you save money but also let your dissertation writer alter the paper as many times as you need within the 14-day free revision period. If you have a complicated task at hand, the best solution is to pick a 3+ day turnaround. You went through various essay titles and none of them motivates you to grasp a unique angle of your theme. You are bored by the mere thought of the paper and you have no idea how to finish an essay fast. We have huge respect for your deadlines and commit to meeting them in and out. More than 40% of orders are done beforehand without any extra fee. When a writer sees that texts could be written faster, rest assured they will complete your order before the estimated deadline. Can-do attitude and focus on quality have made us perhaps the most successful paper writing company to date. Order papers and score top grades now without npt stress and haste. If the assignment doesn't specify your topic, take some time to brainstorm. Try to pick a subject that's specific, interesting to you, and that you think will give you plenty of material to work with. The argumentative essay, in which the writer uses evidence and examples to convince the reader of their point of view. When a paper is written, you could use the free revision period (14-30 days) to have your term paper writer work on the texts more to make custom writing even better. If a tutor asks you to make some additions to your assignment, send this information to your writer and they will make all the necessary changes. More than 60% of papers written by our experts don’t require revisions. A paper delivered on time is a paper written by PaperNow.org. Their Support is real people, and they are always friendly and supportive. I had a problem with my payment once, and it took them like 5 mins to solve it. They write quality papers, and you can actually chat with them if you want. Log in to your personal account to track the writing process. What happens if it's the end of the month and you're completely broke? That perfect solution slipped away and you feel more miserable than ever. , you can message the assigned writer directly using handy and secure chat board. Feel free to ask them any questions about your paper at any time. Your writer will reply to you as soon as possible. They helped me with my essays so I had the time to study for exams. It’s a great solution if you need to free up some time. Everyone will keep writing about the same things, but you're expected to offer something different. You can search for information and facts provided by scientists who don't believe in global warming. They are qualified at or above the level you requested. Request dissertation help, and we will find an eligible writer with a PhD degree in your field to create an outstanding dissertation just for you. The essay is the most common written assignment at college. Tell us ‘write my essay online,’ specify your subject and topic, and receive a compelling English essay within your deadline.

The Dark Side of Twelfth Night - Literature Essay Samples

In Twelfth Night, Shakespeare creates a duality between the worlds of the nobility and its associates and the said outsiders. There is a great element of selfishness involved in the actions of the characters deemed in as they peruse through the play drunk on love or alcohol and immersed in their personal agendas. Whether it is Olivia, Orsino, Viola, and Sebastian wrapped up in their love entanglement or Sir Toby, Maria, Feste, and Fabian concocting malevolent plots, there is the sense that everyone is out for themselves and that most of the humor comes at the unfortunate expense of someone else. Characters that are not in on the schemes contrived by the influential figures are somehow manipulated or played by these schemes eventually. Due to the humorous qualities of Violas disguise, Malvolios presumptuousness, and Sir Andrews foolishness, a lot of the harsh overtones of the play are lost in its complex and funny nature. Also, the rapid, quick-moving pace that facilitates Twelft h Night works to divert the audiences attention away from the used and abused characters that haunt the plot. Appropriately, the play concludes with much emphasis paid to the comedic resolution of the love square comprised of Olivia, Sebastian, Orsino, and Viola and little paid to those who have been dragged along the way. This neglect to show the whole unpleasant picture is essentially what deems Twelfth Night a comedy. The play pays no attention to the outcome of the outsiders and assumes that the audience will forget about them, just as every out character has. But as its alternate title indicates (What You Will), this is a play that can be viewed and judged from many different angles and perspectives. Therefore, when considering the roles of Malvolio, Antonio, and Sir Andrew, it becomes apparent that Twelfth Night is in fact a disturbing play which only finds humor at the sacrifice of others.Malvolios case is one of teasing, which is initially deserved, gone awry. He is pr esented to the audience from the beginning as an easy target, one who is aggravating and always tempting to mock. He is seen early in the play condemning Feste as a common fool, but really strikes a cord when he interrupts the late night racketing of Toby, Sir Andrew, and Feste. For there is something eternally annoying to the average person about someone who behaves out of his/her element and exceeds the authority of his/her status.My masters, are you mad? Or what are you? Have you no wit, manners, nor honesty but to gabble like tinkers at this time of night? Do ye make an alehouse of my ladys house, that ye squeak out your coziers catches without mitigation or remorse of voice? Is there no respect of place, persons, nor time in you?Here Malvolio condescendingly scolds Sir Toby and his companions for their drunken and boisterous behavior. This scene sets up the disdain that will lead to Malvolios demise because Malvolio is simply a servant. His input is quite out of line an d sparks the hatred of the loud partiers. Since Malvolio is immediately shown to be presumptuous and self-righteous, the crowd is able to laugh at and revel in the trick that is devised by Maria and Sir Toby. It fits perfectly because it is Malvolios own presumptuousness that allows the trick to work and for him to believe that Olivia actually loves him. But the situation becomes dark and unpleasant upon his imprisonment and flirtation with insanity. The conspirators are wrapped up in confrontations with Viola -Cesario and Sebastian and forget about the servant whose heart they played with and manipulated. Screaming out in agony and immersed in darkness, Malvolio is further wronged by Feste who pretends to be Sir Topas and exasperates Malvolio beyond measure. Feste, whose character bears its own dark depths, questions Malvolios sanity and plays with words in an effort to frustrate the abused servant and make him actually go mad. This last measure is born out of pure cruelty and is undoubtedly the point where even some audience members must consider the harshness of Malvolios treatment and its injustice. Because when one recalls the roots of this jesting, it becomes apparent that he has committed no crime and has done no wrong toward anyone. Sir Toby and his fellow conspirators were simply angered over Malvolios bold condemnation of their behavior and basically lash out at him to ease this insecurity. Sir Toby uses him to facilitate his own amusement. Similarly, he uses Sir Andrew to accommodate his lazy, alcoholic lifestyle.Sir Andrew is a unique character because although he is of the nobility, he is still an outsider. His stupidity and foolish nature place him somewhat on the outside of the ring of conspirators and certainly outside the love square. Sir Toby manipulates Sir Andrew in a comparable way to Malvolio because he convinces Sir Andrew that he is capable of attaining Olivias hand. He does this in order to keep Sir Andrew around, becaus e Sir Toby is rather broke and could not enjoy his non-working, alcohol inducing lifestyle without him. Sir Andrew is so foolish that he is very easily swindled into believing that he will be with Olivia. In fact, it is his foolishness that makes this circumstance seem rather amusing and innocent on the surface. But his lack of intelligence does not take away his potential to have feelings. Sir Andrews heart is coerced and tricked in a similar manner to Malvolios. Just as it was cruel in Malvolios instance, so it is here for this silly nobleman whose only crime was not being born with enough brains. Beyond this, there are several times when the audiences laughter is solely at the expense of Sir Andrew. He is strung along through the play never saying the right thing, occasionally being the butt of the joke, and rarely getting jokes directed at others (Her cs, her us, and her ts: why that? ). And once again it is hard for the audience to consider the probable darkness of his emotions as the complex plot of the play rapidly develops. Yet at certain points, such as in Act 1, Scene III, Sir Andrew alludes to the sadness that he feels. I was adored once, too The fact that he behaves foolishly and is not too intelligent serves as an excuse for Sir Toby to manipulate him throughout the whole play. In the seemingly comical Act 3, Scene IV Sir Toby puts Sir Andrew into a state of great fear by making him fight Viola and convincing him that Viola is a cunning fighter. It comes off as a funny collaboration of events, especially since the audience knows that Viola is harmless, but there is something undeniably cynical about Sir Tobys deliberate placement of his friend in a frightful situation. The realities of his opinion toward Sir Andrew are finally revealed in Act 5 when Sir Andrew, seeking the companionship in a time of mutual injury, is written off by Sir Toby as an ass-head, and a coxcomb, and a knave, and thin faced knave, a gull . After declaring h is desire to go together to the doctor to heal wounds suffered as a result of Sir Tobys trick on him, Sir Andrew is harshly rejected as the true colors of Sir Tobys feelings are shown. These final lines of Sir Toby are very important in that they secure the maliciousness of his intents all along and force the audience to consider the victimization of Sir Andrew throughout the entire play.Antonio, rather than by Sir Toby, is manipulated by the circumstances surrounding the love square and Violas double-dealing. Antonio, similarly to Sir Andrew, is set up to be abused. But rather than acting foolishly, he is right away seen as being completely selfless and servile to Sebastian. This selflessness serves to ensure the audience of his benevolence and make it that much more tragic when he is wronged. In the streets of Illyria, Antonio informs Sebastian that he is an outlaw of this land and would be imprisoned if he were discovered. This scene is especially interesting in that Sebast ian doesnt seem to care or be interested in Antonios safety (the man who saved his life). He simply parts ways with him and goes sightseeing while accepting Antonios money. Confusion ensues when Antonio saves Viola from fighting Sir Andrew because he believes her to be Sebastian. When he is apprehended by soldiers, he feels betrayed because Viola, oblivious to the circumstances, claims no knowledge of him and denies him when he requests the money that he had given Sebastian. Will you deny me now? Ist possible that my deserts to you can lack persuasion? Do not tempt my misery This theme is played upon again when Antonio is brought before Orsino in Violas presence and she again denies association with him. He is therefore imprisoned. Now although these turn of events are not directly Violas fault, there is the sense that these games that the nobility play result in casualties. This double dealing, just as with Malvolios letter and Sir Andrews swordfight, is not as innocent as it seems in that it results in the suffering of others. In order to understand the dark depths of the play, it is necessary to consider unseen images such as Antonio lying in a dark jail cell, certain that his friend whom he was loyal to has turned his back on him and allowed him to be imprisoned. To further accentuate the gloominess of Antonios situation, Shakespeare does not directly refer to any kind of release of Antonio after the identities are sorted out. They are so wrapped up in their newly and frivolously attained loves that they (especially Viola who created the confusion) make no mention to the fact that Antonio has been wrongly cast to prison with the mindset that he has been sorely betrayed.Twelfth Night is ingenious in its incorporation of dark, upsetting characters into an apparently comical and resolute play. Although this point of view on Malvolio, Sir Andrew, and Antonio presents a horribly tragic angle from which to examine it, the play does not seem at all so upon its performance. The darker elements are subtly woven in so that it could very well come off as a delightfully comic show. Because the play is what you will and in no way one dimensional. A natural perspective, that is and is not! The viewer has to take it for what he/she will and enjoy it or examine it based on his/her terms. Any given viewer could laugh at the trickery, disguise, play on words, and mistaken identities or be filled with a sense of contemplation and sadness over the exploitation of the outsiders at the expense of those said comedic devises. The outsiders get tangled up in the agendas of those with control and soon after are spit out. And whats interesting is that none of the outside characters have any type of resolution. As if in their own little tragedy, these characters situations are left hanging in the air: untied with bitter and sometimes vengeful airs. But in the spirit of the main characters selfishness, their own resolution defines Twelft h Nights classification as a comedy.

The Issue Over Euthanasia And Assisted Suicide - 1231 Words

Sooner or later, each of us will experience that dagger in our heart called grief. Dealing with grief is a challenge like no other. How can you pick up the pieces, heal the wounds, and move on without feeling like you re betraying the memory of your loved one? As a nurse, I have sat with families who have just received that dreaded news that no one ever wants to hear, families who aren’t prepared for the avalanche of emotions that sweep over them when the final moment comes, even if they knew death was imminent. Despite the gamut of emotions we feel, grieving for a loved one helps us cope and heal. The intense, heart-breaking anguish indicates that a deep connection has been severed. Without a doubt, grieving is painful. But it is also†¦show more content†¦Dying with dignity is a growing movement that works to ensure terminally ill Americans have the freedom to choose from a full range of end-of-life options, including how they die (Death with dignity). Currently, onl y four states, California, Oregon, Washington and Vermont have death with dignity laws. Now there are twenty-six other states considering these laws (Death with dignity). The Death with Dignity laws are a great addition to practices already in place. They give patients of all stages of terminal illness the right to end their life before the end stages of pain and suffering occur. Perhaps patients would not have had to endure such suffering which may lead to the removal of life support had she had the right to choose her death long before such life saving devices were needed. I believe that every patient who is suffering has the right to choose to end such suffering. In my first year of critical care nursing, I have also assisted in easing patients suffering during their last few days, hours and breaths. Death and dying acts pertain more to patients who still maintain the ability to seek and obtain specific medication in order to choose when to specifically end their life. I full y support this act as I believe that anyone, at any stage of their illness, has the right to end their suffering. We as medical providers have a legal and moral obligation to not promote pain and suffering,

Pros and Cons of the Exclusionary Rule - 1538 Words

ARGUMENTS IN SUPPORT OF THE EXCLUSIONARY RULE Among the arguments in support of the exclusionary rule4 by its proponents are the following: 1. It deters violations of constitutional rights by police and prosecutors. A number of studies and testimonies by police officers support this contention. 2. It manifests society’s refusal to convict lawbreakers by relying on official lawlessness—a clear demonstration of our commitment to the rule of law that states that no person, not even a law enforcement official, is above the law. 3. It results in the freeing of the guilty in a relatively small proportion of cases. A 1978 study by the General Accounting Office found that, of 2,804 cases in which defendants were likely to file a motion to†¦show more content†¦Among the proposals are the following: _ An independent review board in the executive branch. This proposal envisions a review board composed of nonpolice personnel to review allegations of violations of constitutional rights by the police. The problem with this alternative is that police oppose it because it singles them out among public officials for differential treatment. Moreover, outsiders are viewed by the police as unlikely to be able to understand the difficulties and dangers inherent in police work. _ A civil tort action against the government. This would mean filing an action seeking damages from the government for acts of its officers. It poses real difficulty for the plaintiff, who would have to shoulder the financial cost of the litigation. Most defendants do not have the resources to finance a civil case, particularly after a criminal trial. Low damages awards against police officers usually discourage the filing of civil tort actions except in egregious cases. _ A hearing separate from the main criminal trial but before the same judge or jury. The purpose of the hearing is to determine if, in fact, the officer behaved illegally in obtaining the evidence used during the trial and, if so, to impose the necessary sanctions on the officer. Although this is the least expensive and most expedient alternative, its effectiveness is questionable. If the violation is slight, theShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of The Exclusionary Rule1017 Words   |  5 Pagesthe one that we will be d iscussing in this paper is the exclusionary rule. It is the introduction of a good evidence, that it is obtained by a bad law enforcement, is most common in the United State than other countries legal system. To put it in other words, the exclusionary rule is controversial. Therefore, many experts say that it sets criminals free on minor points. In this paper, I will speak about the pros and cons of the exclusionary rule, how it is effecting the criminal justice system of theRead MoreExclusionary Rule Pros and Cons1951 Words   |  8 PagesThe reason we have rules in life are simple, to keep order when there is chaos and to guide our behavior in a way that is acceptable by society’s standards. The reason we have laws and procedures to carry out those laws are simple as well, to keep the government from infringing on its citizen’s constitutional rights. If the government was to rid itself of the exclusionary rule, then it has the potential to be infringing on its citiz ens rights. The government could essentially walk into anyone whoRead MoreThe Evolution of the Exclusionary Rule1733 Words   |  7 Pages The Evolution of the Exclusionary Rule A Historical Analysis And How It Stand Today April Herald Criminal Justice Abstract From historical analysis, this work highlights key cases that have influenced the evolution of the Exclusionary rule and where it stands today. The purpose of this paper is to inform people of the importance of our constitutional rights, especially the fourth amendment when concerning a criminal prosecution. The exclusionary rule is set in place to ensure justiceRead MorePacker s Model Of The Criminal Process3125 Words   |  13 Pagesenforcement agencies possess should be limited to prevent official oppression of the individual. The constitutional rights of the defendant being tried aren t just measly technicalities and the criminal justice authorities should be held accountable to rules, procedures, and guidelines to ensure equality and regularity in the justice process. The criminal justice process should act as its own checks and balances system, which would consist of a series of impediments that act as procedural safeguards whichRead MoreMinimum Tolerance Policies : Zero Tol erance, Zero Education1879 Words   |  8 Pagesbecause the quote says that there is a direct correlation of students suspended are often funneled into the criminal system. Some pros of zero tolerance policies are that suspending and expelling bad children is that because bad children break rules it doesn’t matter what rule was broken or why just that there â€Å"should [be] some type of consequence† (Morin, The Pros and Cons of Zero Tolerance Policies). Which that would be relevant and would work if the things students did were extremely bad like bringingRead MoreSearch and Seizure Essay2432 Words   |  10 Pagesa crime has been or is being committed with probable cause a warrantless search may be conducted. Another important part to the fourth amendment is the exclusionary rule. This rule makes it clear that any evidence seized during an illegal search or violation of the fourth amendment not admissible during a criminal trial. The main goal of this rule was to deter police officers from violating suspects constitutional rights. The forth amendment grew from the experience of the colonials dealingRead MoreUse and Application of the Zero Tolerance Policy in American Schools1773 Words   |  8 Pagesto mandate the application of pre-determined consequences of violation of stated rules. These rules may pertain to a number of issues; drugs, bullying, theft, and corporal punishment. This report will review and explore the various uses of the zero tolerance plan and its applications throughout schools in American society. There will be a study on the effectiveness of zero tolerance, an outline of the pros and cons of its usage, an evaluation of a case scenario as it pertains to the utilizationRead MoreDiversity Management1945 Words   |  8 Pagesothers to bring up those subjects, even in the form of complaints. The more open and authentic the dialogues that take place, the easier it becomes to promote change. Search for behaviors of exclusion. Whether exhibited by yourself or others, many exclusionary behaviors are unintentional—or even wellintentioned, such as assuming a working mother would refuse a weekend travel assignment. Constantly seek out and eliminate such behaviors. Create an environment of advantages. Small, unintentional inequalitiesRead MoreDiversity Management1955 Words   |  8 Pagesothers to bring up those subjects, even in the form of complaints. The more open and authentic the dialogues that take place, the easier it becomes to promote change. Search for behaviors of exclusion. Whether exhibited by yourself or others, many exclusionary behaviors are unintentional—or even wellintentioned, such as assuming a working mother would refuse a weekend travel assignment. Constantly seek out and eliminate such behaviors. Create an environment of advantages. Small, unintentional inequalitiesRead MoreStudy Guide5838 Words   |  24 Pagesthe Declaration of Independence and the Constitution? John Locke The writings of John Locke, a British philosopher of the Enlightenment period, had a profound influence on the Founding Fathers. What was the colonists’ primary complaint about the rule of the British Crown? The American colonists’ primary complaint was that they were subject to heavy taxes from the British Crown. Which of the following was a component of the Coercive Acts? Establishment of martial law, the requirement for the

Tour de France Drug Abuse Essay Example For Students

Tour de France Drug Abuse Essay The question of drug use among athletes in what was previously considered by the unknowing public to be a rather pristine sport, cycling, is important in that it will affect all future Tours and will place them and the athletes under scrutiny. To begin with, in Europe until the 1998 scandal occurred, despite a few exceptions, cycling was considered a drug free sport. The 1998 drug scandal tarnished the Tour de France and the reputation and image of other sports. The media response to the scandal took differing positions on what should be done next to clean up cycling. The scandal also affected advertisements, sales, and without question the 1999 Tour and Lance Armstrong. Since even the most naive fan no longer trusts the cyclists, drug-testing procedures have been instituted. Also, the question now arises regarding medications used by seriously ill cyclists. Certainly, future Tours will be significantly affected. The Union Cycliste Internationale and other sports officials are left with several burning questions; do they seek a better testing system? Clearly, they must protect athletes and the image of sports even though it is costly. Do they perform uniform versus random drug tests? Both are necessary to keep athletes and trainers accountable. In fact, the 1999 Tour promoted both forms of testing (Fife 208). If they do random tests, how do they enforce them? On this point, committees and sports federations are still debating. For years cycling, a grueling, yet glamorous sport in Europe, has been fighting drug use and abuse. Despite a few exceptions, cycling had the reputation, in Europe and in France, of being a clean, pure sport, compared to others, until the 1998 scandal occurred. The question of drug use among athletes in what was previously considered by the unknowing public to be a rather pristine sport, cycling, is important in that it will affect all future Tours and will place them and the athletes under scrutiny. A Clean Reputation: The History of Drugs in the Tour de France In 1967, Tommy Simpson, a British cyclist, died during the Tour de France because of the amphetamines that he took. Succeeding years brought embarrassments: In 1978, the Belgian Michel Pollentier was suspended while leading the Tour de France after he was caught concealing a clean urine sample to trick testers. Furthermore, in 1988, the Spaniard Pedro Delgado won the Tour de France despite having tested positive for using what is known as a masking agent, a substance designed to hide drug use, but one that was not banned by the Tour at that time. Pedro Delgado even argued that somebody put them in his glass, and that he did not even notice it. Still these incidents were considered minor in comparison to the sandal of 1998. Nowhere has the disgrace of doping been felt more dramatically than in the Tour de France, the worlds most prestigious cycling event (Wilson E6). The scandal started on July 8 when Festinas team masseur, Willy Voet crossed the French-Belgian border and was checked by French customs authorities. Driving an official car, issued by the Societe du Tour de France, nobody would have thought that he could be stopped. Voet was carrying plenty of banned substances in his car, which immediately resulted in Voets arrest. The drugs found in the car were erythropoietin (or EPO), human growth hormone, testosterone, syringes, and amphetamines. Voet confessed a few days after being arrested that it was not the first time hed ferried such a haul of performance-enhancing dope to big races, generally, as on this occasion, under order from the Festina team bosses (Fife 201). As soon as the Tour arrived in France on July 14th, the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) suspended the professional licenses of Festinas sports directors, Roussel and Ryckaert, and put the leaders of the team, Richard Virenque, Laurent Brochard, and Laurent Dufaux on hold. The following day the Festina team was disqualified from the Tour after some of the riders admitted to a systematic doping program. Nevertheless, the next day Roussels lawyer issued a statement: The Festina manager had informed the police that within the Festina team controlled doping had been introduced to safeguard the riders health and wellbeing. .u3007aa5e171ffc8156363fccba83fe4a , .u3007aa5e171ffc8156363fccba83fe4a .postImageUrl , .u3007aa5e171ffc8156363fccba83fe4a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3007aa5e171ffc8156363fccba83fe4a , .u3007aa5e171ffc8156363fccba83fe4a:hover , .u3007aa5e171ffc8156363fccba83fe4a:visited , .u3007aa5e171ffc8156363fccba83fe4a:active { border:0!important; } .u3007aa5e171ffc8156363fccba83fe4a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3007aa5e171ffc8156363fccba83fe4a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3007aa5e171ffc8156363fccba83fe4a:active , .u3007aa5e171ffc8156363fccba83fe4a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3007aa5e171ffc8156363fccba83fe4a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3007aa5e171ffc8156363fccba83fe4a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3007aa5e171ffc8156363fccba83fe4a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3007aa5e171ffc8156363fccba83fe4a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3007aa5e171ffc8156363fccba83fe4a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3007aa5e171ffc8156363fccba83fe4a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3007aa5e171ffc8156363fccba83fe4a .u3007aa5e171ffc8156363fccba83fe4a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3007aa5e171ffc8156363fccba83fe4a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Why We Should Stop Animal Testing Essay The subtext of this was, naturally: .

The meaning of Persecution Essay Example Essay Example

The meaning of Persecution Essay Example Paper The meaning of Persecution Essay Introduction Over the centuries, Persecution has had many definitions. Sometimes it means more sometimes it means less but at all time, persecution is neither desirable nor anything to admire. Today we are aware of several forms of persecution but in most cases are powerless to stop it.Today the accepted definition of persecution found in the Oxford Dictionary (1993) is:†1 The act persecuting someone or subjecting someone to hostility or ill treatment; the fact of being persecuted; an instance esp. a particular course or period, of this b Harassment, persistent annoyance 2 The action of pursuing with intent to catch, injure or kill; pursuit of a subject etc.†Subjecting someone to hostility or ill treatment is one of the phrases used there and this is precisely what persecution is. A person or a group of people are singled out for extraordinarily heinous treatment. A recent example of this is the holocaust that took place the mid twentieth century, referring to the mass murder and tort ure the Jews suffered at the hands or the Germans.In addition, when the term persecution is used it is taken to mean that the person on the receiving end of the maltreatment has done nothing to warrant it. The persecutors are acting out of malice and perhaps do not even feel the need to explain themselves and when they do their rationalization is based on discriminatory and unjustifiable attitudes.During his ministry, Jesus was victim to people with these types of mind-sets. Jesus maintained that he spoke with authority from God. The religious leaders of Palestine did not like this because he was making the information freely available to people they felt did not deserve to know the scriptures because they thought of them as unlettered, stupid etc. but Jesus paid them no heed. The religious leaders were infuriated at his flagrant disregard and on occasion tried to kill him.Luke 4:28-30{(28)Now all those hearing these things in the synagogue became filled with anger; (29) and they ro se up and hurried him [Jesus] out of the city, and they led him to the brow of the mountain upon which their city had been built, in order to throw him down headlong. (30) But he went through the midst and continued on his way.} This episode occurred after he declined to perform miracles in Nazareth, comparing himself to Elijah who the Jewish people held in high esteem. The Jewish men of the synagogue were incensed at the presumptuousness of it and riled so far as to attempting to kill him.He did not halt in his good works however as verse 30 shows. Later on he performs a miracle on the Sabbath day a day that the Jews regarded as holy and would endeavour not to work. When he cured the man with the withered hand they weren’t happy. In Luke 6:11{(11) But they became filled with madness, and they began to talk over with one another what they might do to Jesus.}Jesus did not allow the powerful men’s obvious disdain stop the progress of his ministry. Though they frequently made it clear how contemptuously they regarded him he did not allow this to deaden his spirit.These same religious leaders handed him over to the Roman authorities for being a revolutionary and he was condemned for so-called heresy and executed by crucifixion. The events leading up to his iniquitous death are found in Chapter 23 of Luke. They did not let him die peacefully rather they taunted and ridiculed him until he finally died. It was down to the Pharisees and Sadducees that he was subjected to a criminal’s death and instead of feeling remorse they were proud of themselves.Persecution in the Modern dayDespite the large numbers of Christians today, some 1.6 billion, a lot of this number are just the kind of hang-on Christian. This is the sort of person who takes their families to church on Sunday’s and at Christmas and possesses a vague sense of conscience. In the west choosing ones religion is as easy as choosing an outfit of a morning. Being in the west we are no t subject to a lot of the things that goes on today against Christians.In several countries where human rights are practically non-existent, Christians have been tortured and persecuted up until this day. In an article posted on the Internet (www.worldnetdaily.com), barely more than a year ago, heinous images of the pain of innocents are painted. The article refers to the bombings in the Philippines that occurred in late 2003and says â€Å"little has been made of the fact that these attacks were aimed specifically at Christians.† Art Moore, the author calls it â€Å"one of the most neglected stories† and it is true that not many people are aware of the true cause of the bombings. An estimated .2 billion, over 10%, of Christians worldwide suffer from malicious treatments from various governments.For example in China several hundreds of Chinese Christians are being forced through â€Å"re-education through labour† camps. In Iran the Christians suffer arrest, impri sonment and torture on account of their faith and leaving Islam is considered a criminal offence. Nigerian Christians routinely have their churches burnt down, Saudi governments put a ban on practicing Christianity and for someone to convert to Christianity from Islam is punishable by death penalty. Crucifixion and slavery are still practiced in Sudan and the violations repeatedly conducted against Christians are endless and horrendous.So how does persecution affect Christians today? The schism between hemispheres is great. Most Christians today have no idea of what is happening in places like Pakistan where mobs and fundamentalist Muslim’s brazenly target Christians.The sort of persecution western Christian’s face today is mainly from revolutionary scientists and atheists who seek to discredit the bible by making it outdated. Christian’s are often subject to ridicule in today’s â€Å"modern-thinking† generation. Scientist’s who claim  "God is dead† however do nothing more than mock. Nevertheless some people find themselves giving thought to the anti-Christianity remarks made by these scientists and these people may lose their faith.To Christians living in different parts of the world persecution will mean different things. A Christian living in England would never expect to be raped maimed and killed to be made an example of. Christian’s living in the upper Nile region of Sudan could plausibly expect this as it would not be the first time it had happened. Conversely the words of a self-important scientist would hardly likely test the faith of Christians who barely escaped alive from mass murder of friends in the faith. A quote from the Christians of Turkmenistan expresses this difference well. They claim that although their persecution is physical the lure of materialism could be just as devastating for the western Christians.Materialism is basically the striving after material things. Without notici ng a Christian could find him or herself putting money and prestige before their faith and becoming increasingly unscrupulous. The same Christians of central Asia also requested this of their fellow Christians. â€Å"Please pray not that our persecution will go away, but that there will be enough persecution to keep us focussed on our Lord, but not too much to break us.†Jesus warned his disciples many times that following him would be a struggle.Back in his day one had to carry the cross you were going to be crucified on and labour up the countryside. Jesus told his followers that they would have to take up their cross to follow him.Wherever it is, persecution is always designed to disillusion people of whatever faith. This is the one thing all persecutions have in common, from the crucifixion of Jesus, to the inquisition to the modern day; however the important thing is to withstand it and that is the one thing all religions have in common.†Christians should expect per secution†For a long time Christians were persecuted for their beliefs. In the first century, early Christians were victimized endlessly. Because the Christian church was so small and new, the leaders did not like it. For much of the late first century in the Roman Empire being a Christian was illegal and punishable by incarceration. During these times, many Christians became Martyrs for their faith.Some People may say that because of this Christians should recognize their duty to give up their life for the cause, as did the early Christians. A Christian now should have the same faith as any Christian the first century. Also many of St Paul’s letters to the Galatians, Ephesians, and Colossians etc. were giving them encouragement to withstand persecution and also let them know just how many obstacles he was facing in his own missionary work. Christian’s are expected to believe in the entire bible trusting that the whole book is still as relevant today as it ever wa s. This means accepting that St Paul’s encouragements should have just as much application to today’s Christian as to a Christian in C1.But today we live in a society that recognises the faith of every human being to practice whatever religion they choose so in this way no people should expect to be persecuted nevertheless many faiths are. Christians who are lucky enough to live in area’s where there are no difficulties should count themselves blessed.However remember that Jesus warned his disciples to expect persecution on account of his name. Whether or not Christians are being persecuted or not their faith should remain strong enough to withstand oppression. I think the important thing here is for a Christian to feel in himself that his faith is strong enough to endure. St Paul made mention of the tested quality of faith being a lot more valued by God. Whether or not a Christian expects persecution their quality of faith should not depend on external influenc es but rather on themselves.It was Jesus Christ who founded the Christian Church and he was ruthlessly pursued. St Paul too was a central figure and never was he left alone. He was constantly imprisoned due to his missionary work. He never let anything get him down. All Christians should try to follow his example and that of the Christ because keeping the faith is one of the central precepts of Christianity.In conclusion I think that no one of any faith should anticipate ill-treatment. Christians are supposed to tolerate all faiths and in so doing should expect no less from others, a manifestation of the Golden Rule. Notwithstanding this however no Christian should feel him or herself so far against the wall that they should take the easy way out. The meaning of Persecution Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

Testing the hypothesis that monetary policy responds to stock market movements The WritePass Journal

Testing the hypothesis that monetary policy responds to stock market movements Abstract Testing the hypothesis that monetary policy responds to stock market movements AbstractIntroductionMonetary policy should or should not responds to stock market movementsSupporting the hypothesisRejecting the hypothesisTesting significant coefficientsTesting a good fitTesting autocorrelationTesting heteroskedasticityTesting misspecificationGeneralized method of moments (GMM)Interpreting resultsConclusionReferencesRelated Abstract This paper highlights a problem in using the OLS model of Taylor’s rule, including lagged value of fed funds rate and stock indexs return to address whether the monetary policy should respond to asset prices movement or not. However, to know more exactly about the direct or indirect relationship between stock prices and the monetary rules, the more efficient method of Generalized method of moments (GMM) needs to be carried out based on an instrument list of output gap, growth rate of real GDP and inflation. The combination of two above methods gives reasonable results in our empirical framework. In order to derive accuracy empirical result, two country (US 1990-2009, UK 1990-2009) data would be provided in the paper. Introduction In modern macroeconomics, there is a considerable amount of interest in understanding the question whether the central banks should response or ignore asset price volatility. This question has been a controversial issue since the Federal Reserve Chairman Greenspan sparked it, as one of irrational exuberance as early as 1996, then was followed by Bernanke and Gertler (1999), Cecchetti (2000), Adam Posen (2006) and many other authors. No agreement has been reached but what all researchers agree on is the necessity of further research on the nature of asset price movement, how they affect the economy and the effect of money policy on volatilities. This paper attempts to estimate this multilateral relationship based on ongoing researches in this field. There are several reasons why the correlation between monetary-policy framework and asset bubbles is an important issue. From the perspective of central banks, dependable estimates of the reflection of asset prices to the policy instrument plays an essential role in formulating effective policy decisions. In reality, the effect of the short-term interest rates on asset prices has caused much of transmission of inflation targeting. Moreover, the attention of financial press for the Federal Reserve performance states the significant influence of monetary on financial markets. Hence, a well-performed economy does need to have accurate estimates of the reaction of asset prices to monetary policy. In order to approach these issues, we develop an OLS estimation using simple regression Taylor Rule (1993) and apply Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to deal with the relationship between monetary policy and asset price movements. The paper proceeds as follows. Section 2 presents the theoretical framework, in which empirical debates from recent authors including supporting and rejecting are particularly discussed. Data and Testing Method and Empirical Framework are described in section 3. Section 4, empirical framework, is going to present the descriptive statistics with testing procedures of hypothesises. Results on the responsiveness of stock prices and interest rates to monetary policy coming through all of the actual testing process from data collection are presented in section 5 and section 6. Theoretical Framework How a central bank should set short-term interest rates Taylor (1993)[1] estimated policy reaction functions and found that monetary policy can often be well approximated empirically by a simple instrument rule for interest rate setting. The following is one variant of the Taylor rule: it = r* + Ï€* + ÃŽ ²(Ï€t – Ï€*) + ÃŽ ³(yt – yN) where ÃŽ ² , ÃŽ ³ 0; r* is the average (long-run) real interest rate. Taylor (1993) found that ÃŽ ²=1.5 and ÃŽ ³=0.5: it = r* + Ï€* + 1.5(Ï€t – Ï€*) + 0.5(yt – yN) The Taylor rule is acknowledged by all to be a simple approximation to actual policy behavior. It represents a complex process with a small number of parameters. Monetary policy should or should not responds to stock market movements In recent decades, in line with the development of stock market, which provide information about the current and future course of monetary policy goal variables – inflation, employment, and output, the monetary authority should respond to equity price. A more controversial role of equity prices in the monetary policy process concerns whether the monetary policy should or should not take a direct interest in stock market. It has attracted many researchers to discuss about the usefulness and test the validity of the hypothesis that monetary policy responds to stock market movements. Those researches have created many different results of both supporting and rejecting the hypothesis. Supporting the hypothesis Some of the supporters for the hypothesis that the reaction to misalignments in stock prices would have impact on the monetary policy rules are Cecchetti et al. (2000), and Jeff Fuhrer and Geoff Tootell (2004). Cecchetti used a linear rational expectations model, focusing on the output gap and inflation expectations some primary elements in the policy rules- to support the hypothesis. Hence, the result showed that if the estimation errors are positively correlated, both inflation and misalignments with a positive coefficient increases the impact on the monetary policy. By contrast, Jeff Fuhrer and Geoff Tootell took the regression from the form of Taylor policy that used correlations among the funds rate and the gap measure, a four-quarter moving average of inflation, the real GDP and the lags of stock prices. After that, they used GMM to estimate the regression. Because the data used are ex-post, the policy actions should be taken to the stock prices movements. However, there are still some contention is that this counter-argument is not entirely valid and these come from several antagonists like Bernanke and Gertler with their predominant abstractions (1999 and 2001). Rejecting the hypothesis There have been a significant number of advocates against the responsiveness of central banks to asset price movement in their policy formulation so far. Two of the most important contributors in this field are Bernanke and Gertler with their two seminal studies (1999 and 2001). On the basis of non-optimizing models of monetary policy, where coefficients of interest rates on GDP and inflation is selected specifically, Bernanke and Gertler generated the result that inflation-targeting policymakers should not take asset prices into account other than changes in expected inflation are foreshadowed. Adam Posen (2006), likewise, has argued that central banks need not target asset prices, but would be well advised to monitor them, when those bubbles get very far out of line. By studying the correlation between periods of monetary easing and property bubbles, he found the hypothesis that quantitative easing would result in asset volatility unsupported. These results are challenged among other researchers including Roubini Nouriel (2006), Andrew Filardo (2004), especially Stephen Cecchetti (2000). Cecchetti arrived at the different results, even though one portion of the testing method he employed was the same with Bernanke and Gertler (1999). Data and testing method U.S. Data selection The data that being selected reflects the period from Q1/1990 to Q4/2009 in the U.S., including time series of Inflation: Cpi all Items City Average   /Index Number /Base year: 2005 /averages   /Cnt: United States   /Source: IMF, Wash Fed Funds Rates: Discount Rate (end of Period)   /percent per annum /stocks   /Cnt: United States   /Source: IMF, Wash Real GDP: Gdp vol 2005 Ref., Chained   /U.s. Dollars ,billions of .. /averages /constant prices (seas. /Cnt: United States   /Source: IMF, Wash SP500 stock index: Finance.Yahoo.Com, the quarterly close price index. Stock Index SP500 is chosen because it is typically weighted averages of the prices of the component stocks. Very often dividends are excluded from the return calculation of the index. The composition of most indices changes occasionally, so that a long time series will not be made up of return from a homogeneous asset. In this paper, we prefer the continuous compounded definition of using logarithm because multi-period returns are then sums of single-period returns. This could make time series of data more smoothing and increase the exactness of estimation[2]. The regressions take the form of Taylor rule, augmented to allow partial-adjustment or â€Å"interest rate smoothing†, or more simply the conclusion of a lagged fed funds rate, as discussed in Clarida, Gali, and Gertler (1998). We begin with the regression, in which the fed funds rate responds to contemporaneous observations on a â€Å"gap† measure (either the unemployment rate or a Hodrick-Prescott detrended real GDP gap[3]), a four-quarter moving average of an inflation measure, the growth rate of real GDP, and lags of a variety of stock price measures. Unit root test for f – log(fed funds rate) Possibly, there is some omitted variables causing autocorrelation. We need to use unit root tests for random variables. Null Hypothesis: F has a unit root Exogenous: Constant Lag Length: 4 (Automatic based on SIC, maxlag=11) t-Statistic   Ã‚  Prob.* Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic -3.380296   0.0148 *MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values. As might be seen from the graph, there is a downward trend of fed funds interest rates. The unit root test gives an idea that there should be an inclusion of a lagged dependent variable  Ã‚   Inflation – 100*(log(CPI)t-log(CPI)t-4) Delta_Y – 100*(log(real_gdp)t-log(real_gdp)t-1) GAP – a Hodrick-Prescott detrended real GDP gap U.K. Data selection The following covers the period from Q1/1990 to Q4/2009 in U.K, including time series of   Inflation: Cpi all Items City Average   /Index Number /Base year: 2005 /averages   /Cnt: United States   /Source: IMF, Wash Bank of England Interest Rates: Discount Rate (end of Period)   /percent per annum /stocks   /Cnt: United States   /Source: IMF, Wash Real GDP: Gdp vol 2005 Ref., Chained   /U.s. Dollars ,billions of .. /averages /constant prices (seas. /Cnt: United States   /Source: IMF, Wash FTSE 100 stock index: Finance.Yahoo.Com, the quarterly close price index. Stock Index FTSE 100 is chosen because it is typically weighted averages of the prices of the component stocks. Very often dividends are excluded from the return calculation of the index. The composition of most indices changes occasionally, so that a long time series will not be made up of return from a homogeneous asset. In this paper, we prefer the continuous compounded definition of using logarithm because multi-period returns are then sums of single-period returns. This could make time series of data more smoothing and increase the exactness of estimation[4]. The regressions take the form of Taylor rule, augmented to allow partial-adjustment or â€Å"interest rate smoothing†, or more simply the conclusion of a lagged fed funds rate, as discussed in Clarida, Gali, and Gertler (1998). We begin with the regression, in which the fed funds rate responds to contemporaneous observations on a â€Å"gap† measure (either the unemployment rate or a Hodrick-Prescott detrended real GDP gap[5]), a four-quarter moving average of an inflation measure, the growth rate of real GDP, and lags of a variety of stock price measures. Unit root test for f – log(fed funds rate) Possibly, there is some omitted variables causing autocorrelation. We need to use unit root tests for random variables. Null Hypothesis: I has a unit root Exogenous: Constant Lag Length: 1 (Automatic based on SIC, maxlag=11) t-Statistic Prob.* Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic -1.281177 0.6347 As might be seen from the graph, there is a downward trend of fed funds interest rates. The unit root test gives an idea that there should be an inclusion of a lagged dependent variable. Inflation – 100*(log(CPI)t-log(CPI)t-4)        Ã‚   OUTPUT_GAP   – 100*(log(real_gdp)t-log(real_gdp)t-1) Empirical Framework U.S. Data test section Methodology Following the Taylor’s rule, a regression of the model below is going to be estimated: It = a + bIt-1 + cGapt + dΔyt + zÏ€t + ∑ekst-k (1) In which: It: the quarterly average of the daily observations on the federal funds rate Gapt: the Hodrick-Prescott detrended real GDP gap Ï€t: the four-quarter moving average of the rate of inflation in the consumer price index Δyt: the quarterly percentage change in real GDP st-k: the quarterly percentage change in a stock price index, lagged as k intervals We choose this specification to begin with because it represents a simple augmentation of the canonical Taylor rule, without worrying about the potential simultaneity between the current funds rate and the current stock prices[6]. Importantly, (1) differs from (0) since we consider more lagged values of the fed funds rates (It-1) and the asset price movements (∑ekst-k). When we estimate equation (1), we set the following null hypothesi { H0: ek = 0 H0: ek # 0 If we accept the above null hypothesis, we may safely claim that monetary policy is not accepted by asset price movements. If we reject the above null hypothesis, we may safely claim that asset price movements play a role in determining monetary policy. We start estimating equation (1) by using only one lag of st and then we proceed from specific to general to decide the correct number of lags (in other words, we estimate the model again by including more lags until we meet a lagged regressor, which is not significan Eview results of estimating equation (1) using 1 lagged value of st Dependent Variable: F Method: Least Squares Date: 02/07/11  Ã‚   Time: 23:57 Sample (adjusted): 1991Q1 2009Q4 Included observations: 76 after adjustments Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C -0.123706 0.082768 -1.494617 0.1395 F(-1) 0.852312 0.051377 16.58952 0.0000 GAP 0.010505 0.028245 0.371928 0.7111 DELTA_Y 0.129730 0.040953 3.167808 0.0023 INFLATION 0.064981 0.026331 2.467884 0.0160 S(-1) 0.010320 0.003063 3.368900 0.0012 R-squared 0.918894   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mean dependent var 1.194237 Adjusted R-squared 0.913101   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  S.D. dependent var 0.658791 S.E. of regression 0.194203   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Akaike info criterion -0.364172 Sum squared resid 2.640028   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Schwarz criterion -0.180167 Log likelihood 19.83853   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hannan-Quinn criter. -0.290634 F-statistic 158.6138   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Durbin-Watson stat 1.742329 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000 It might be noted that the coefficient to s(-1) of 0.010320 is positive and statistically significant (p-value=0.0012 much lower than ÃŽ ±=0.05).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Eview results of re-estimating equation (1) using 2 lagged value of st Dependent Variable: F Method: Least Squares Date: 02/07/11  Ã‚   Time: 23:59 Sample (adjusted): 1991Q1 2009Q4 Included observations: 76 after adjustments Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C -0.150214 0.086749 -1.731607 0.0878 F(-1) 0.869165 0.053967 16.10563 0.0000 GAP 0.008441 0.028311 0.298142 0.7665 DELTA_Y 0.148092 0.044741 3.310002 0.0015 INFLATION 0.064308 0.026332 2.442183 0.0172 S(-1) 0.009965 0.003082 3.232900 0.0019 S(-2) -0.003290 0.003233 -1.017793 0.3123 R-squared 0.920094   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mean dependent var 1.194237 Adjusted R-squared 0.913145   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  S.D. dependent var 0.658791 S.E. of regression 0.194153   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Akaike info criterion -0.352758 Sum squared resid 2.600980   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Schwarz criterion -0.138085 Log likelihood 20.40479   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hannan-Quinn criter. -0.266964 F-statistic 132.4186   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Durbin-Watson stat 1.789665 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000 We may note that the second lag of s (s(-2) of -0.003290) is not significant (p-value of 0.3123 much higher than ÃŽ ±=0.05) whereas the first lag s(-1) is still positive and significant (p-value=0.0019 lower than ÃŽ ±=0.05). This implies that the correct choice about the number of lags implies that we need to include only the first lagged value of the stock index’s return. Testing significant coefficients The statistically significant positive coefficient to s(-1) implies that the asset price goes up Fed should increase interest rate. Inflation and real GDP growth rate are significant (p-values are 0.0023 and 0.0160 less than ÃŽ ±=0.05) whereas gap is insignificant (p-value of 0.7665 much higher than ÃŽ ±=0.05). However, there are some conflicts with the theory if the gap is removed out of the specification.   Indeed, R-squared and Adjusted R-squared show that the model explains the dependent variable more than 90%. It is necessary to examine the model by applying GMM (the generalized method of moments). Testing a good fit As we can see, R2 of 0.918894 and Adjusted R2 of 0.913101 show that the model explains above 90% changes of fed fund rates. F-statistic also depicts that all regressors are jointly significant. This seems to support the view of Cecchetti et al. (2000).                  Testing autocorrelation Durbin’s h test, with n=76, we have   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   d = 1.742329   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   h=(1-d/2)√(n/(1-n/error(b))) = 1.2559142007 z-critical = 1.96 We cannot reject H0 of Durbin’s h test and conclude that this model does not suffer from serial correlation. Breusch-Godfrey Serial Correlation LM Test: F-statistic 1.001164   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Prob. F(4,66) 0.4134 Obs*R-squared 4.347625   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Prob. Chi-Square(4) 0.3610 Both the LM statistic and the F statistic are quite low, suggesting that we cannot reject the null of no serial correlation (p-value of 0.3610 is much higher than ÃŽ ±=0.05). Therefore, both Durbin’s h and Breusche-Godfrey test conclude that this model does not suffer from autocorrelation. The analysis above lets us to give a positive answer to the first question we posed before. The significance of the lagged value of s implies that asset price movement plays a role in refining monetary policy. Testing heteroskedasticity Both Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey statistic (16.19839) and F statistic (3.792163) are quite high, suggesting the rejection of the null hypothesis of the heteroskedasticity test (p-values of 0.0063 and 0.0043 are much less than ÃŽ ±=0.05). As can be seen from the test results, coefficients of gap, delta_y, and s(-1) are insignificant. Contrastingly, the inflation might have certain impact on the variance of the error terms. Heteroskedasticity Test: Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey F-statistic 3.792163   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Prob. F(5,70) 0.0043 Obs*R-squared 16.19839   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Prob. Chi-Square(5) 0.0063 Scaled explained SS 55.18278   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Prob. Chi-Square(5) 0.0000 With White’s test with no cross products, the p-values of both White’s statistic (0.0895) and F statistic (0.0879) are higher than ÃŽ ±=0.05 and these tests do not conclude a rejection of no heteroskedasticity. Heteroskedasticity Test: White F-statistic 2.009014   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Prob. F(5,70) 0.0879 Obs*R-squared 9.537445   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Prob. Chi-Square(5) 0.0895 Scaled explained SS 32.49105   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Prob. Chi-Square(5) 0.0000 In White’s test with cross products, both White’s statistic F statistic with p-values nearly zero illustrate that there is a conclusion of a rejection of no heteroskedasticity. Therefore, there is evidence of heteroskedasticity. Intuitively, delta_y*s(-1) and inflation*s(-1) do not have a significant impact on the variance of error terms (p-values are 0.3398 and 0.2187 much higher than ÃŽ ±=0.05, respectively). This might imply that the relationship between delta_y and inflation with s(-1) should be examined in GMM application. Heteroskedasticity Test: White  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  F-statistic 7.540388   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Prob. F(20,55) 0.0000 Obs*R-squared 55.68978   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Prob. Chi-Square(20) 0.0000 Scaled explained SS 189.7174   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Prob. Chi-Square(20) 0.0000 The graph of residuals also shows that the model does not fit the data precisely (there are more and more underestimates and overestimates, especially from 2000 to 2009). Testing heteroskedasticity possibly implies that the traditional view as the equation (1) might be violated by heteroskedasticity of cross products. The co-efficiencies are still unbiased and consistent. This has a wide impact on hypothesis testing neither the t statistics or the F statistics are reliable any more for hypothesis testing because they will lead us to reject the null hypothesis too often. This is possible reason to examine whether the relationship between the stock index’s return and fed funds rate is direct or indirect. Testing misspecification In Ramsey RESET test, since the p-values of 0.1056 (Likelihood ratio) and 0.1245 (F-statistic) are both higher than ÃŽ ±=0.05, we cannot reject the null hypothesis of correct specification. Notice, as well, that the coefficient of the squared fitted term is not significant (t-stat = 1.555220). Ramsey RESET Test Equation: LAG1_V Specification: F C F(-1) GAP DELTA_Y INFLATION S(-1) Omitted Variables: Squares of fitted values Value df Probability t-statistic   1.555220   69   0.1245 F-statistic   2.418708 (1, 69)   0.1245 Likelihood ratio   2.618454   1   0.1056 Generalized method of moments (GMM) We will evaluate whether the asset price movement plays a role directly or indirectly through its effects on inflation and output growth. We can do this by using a GMM estimator, which is an instrumental variable approach. By applying the forward-looking extension for Taylor rule, the instrument list of gap (a Hodrick-Prescott detrended real GDP gap), delta_y (the growth rate of real GDP) and inflation (inflation rate) will be taken to perform GMM. Dependent Variable: F Method: Generalized Method of Moments Date: 02/13/11  Ã‚   Time: 14:11 Sample (adjusted): 1991Q1 2009Q1 Included observations: 73 after adjustments Linear estimation with 1 weight update Estimation weighting matrix: HAC (Bartlett kernel, Newey-West fixed   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  bandwidth = 4.0000) Standard errors covariance computed using estimation weighting matrix Instrument specification: GAP(+1) GAP(+2) GAP(+3) DELTA_Y(+1)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  DELTA_Y(+2) DELTA_Y(+3) INFLATION(+1) INFLATION(+2)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  INFLATION(+3) Constant added to instrument list Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C 0.111616 0.401825 0.277772 0.7820 F(-1) 0.658808 0.294358 2.238116 0.0285 GAP 0.065476 0.072798 0.899426 0.3716 DELTA_Y 0.169216 0.215013 0.787001 0.4341 INFLATION 0.050838 0.045147 1.126059 0.2642 S(-1) 0.028287 0.029343 0.964010 0.3385 Interpreting results The relationship between inflation and real GDP with fed funds rate As OLS’ result, the growth rate of real GDP and inflation affects positively the dependent variable and it is statistically significant, while the gap is not. However, it might be spurious if the gap is removed because the heteroskedasticity testing shows that the OLS model (1) is no longer the most efficient estimator[1]. The relationship between FTSE100 and Bank of England interest rate As GMM’s result, it is important to pay attention to the coefficient associated to s(-1). As OLS’ result, it is positive and significant but this time it is not statistically significant in GMM’s result. This implies that the asset price movements affect the way in which the monetary policy is set only indirectly and not directly.   Consequently, asset price movements have impact on fed funds rates indirectly. Conclusion In conclusion, the results of this project show that the hypothesis that refer to whether the volatility of the stock price would affect the monetary policy, in some mood, is proved to be indirectly impact the policy making. These results might be caused by the limitation of this project. Compare to Cecchetti et al. (2000) who focused on using some estimation of primary elements in the policy rules, including the output gap and inflation expectations to produce the hypothesis. He supposed that these elements would have to depend on some estimation of the evolution of stock prices providing that the asset prices affect the economy’s path. However, we build up two models to by OLS and GMN to test the hypothesis. For GMM, we compare the data and observe that the co-efficient are insignificant. At this time, we switch to OLS model, surprisingly found that the co-efficient of GAP is insignificant. Moreover, it is still controversial to clear about the strength of the endogeneity test for GMM estimation because we do not have another test to compare with. This is the reason why the instrument list we choose is still controversial. However, the data we estimate is enough that is perfectly applies to the line with the theory of Taylor rule that is approximately well estimated, significant of R, Two of the most important contributors in this field are Bernanke and Gertler with their two seminal studies (1999 and 2001). On the basis of non-optimizing models of monetary policy, where coefficients of interest rates on GDP and inflation is selected specifically, Bernanke and Gertler generated the result that inflation-targeting policymakers should not take asset prices into account other than changes in expected inflation are foreshadowed. Adam Posen (2006), likewise, has argued that central banks need not target asset prices, but would be well advised to monitor them, when those bubbles get very far out of line. By studying the correlation between periods of monetary easing and property bubbles, he found the hypothesis that quantitative easing would result in asset volatility unsupported. Therefore, the results of t his project may reflect the nature. It is likely that the volatility of stock price would have effect on the monetary policy. In order to meet the needs of inflation targeting which is proved by the classical economy theory that slightly inflation could stimulate the real economy, the central bank authorities do evaluate these two factors when making monetary policy decision to maintain the asset price is neither too high nor too low so does the inflation rate. References Jeff Fuhrer and Geoff Tootell. â€Å"Eyes on the Prize: How Did the Fed Respond to the Stock Market†. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Discussion Papers, April 2004, No. 04-2. Bernanke, Ben and Gertler, Mark. â€Å"Money Policy and Asset Volatility†. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Economic Review, Fourth Quarter 1999, 84(4), pp. 17-52. Bernanke, Ben and Mark Gertler â€Å"Should Central Banks Respond to Movements in Asset Prices† American Economic Review, May 2001. Posen, Adam S. (2006) â€Å"Why Central Banks Should not Burst Bubbles†, Institute for International Economics, Washington, DC, working paper 01/06. Filardo, Andrew (2004) â€Å"Monetary Policy and Asset Price Bubbles: Calibrating the Monetary Policy Trade-Offs,† BIS working paper No.155, Basel. Roubini, Nouriel, (2006), â€Å"Why Central Banks Should Burst Bubbles†. International Finance 9, no.1 Cecchetti, Stephen ; Genberg, Hans; Lipsky, Jonhn and Wadhwani, Sushil. â€Å"Asset Prices and Central Bank Policy†. LondonInternationalCenter for Monetary and Banking Studies, 2000 Stephen J.Taylor. â€Å"Asset Price Dynamics, Volatility, and Prediction†. PrincetonUniversity Press 2005. Dimitrios Asteriou and Stephen G.Hall. â€Å"Applied Econometrics – A modern approach†, Palgrave Macmillan, revised edition 2006, 2007. H.Studentmund. â€Å"Using Econometrics: A practical Guide†. Pearson 2000, International Edition, 5th edition. Jeff Fuhrer and Geoff Tootell. â€Å"Eyes on the Prize: How Did the Fed Respond to the Stock Market†. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Discussion Papers, April 2004, No. 04-2. Bernanke, Ben and Gertler, Mark. â€Å"Money Policy and Asset Volatility†. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Economic Review, Fourth Quarter 1999, 84(4), pp. 17-52. Bernanke, Ben and Mark Gertler â€Å"Should Central Banks Respond to Movements in Asset Prices† American Economic Review, May 2001. Posen, Adam S. (2006) â€Å"Why Central Banks Should not Burst Bubbles†, Institute for International Economics, Washington, DC, working paper 01/06. Filardo, Andrew (2004) â€Å"Monetary Policy and Asset Price Bubbles: Calibrating the Monetary Policy Trade-Offs,† BIS working paper No.155, Basel Roubini, Nouriel, (2006), â€Å"Why Central Banks Should Burst Bubbles†. International Finance 9, no. Cecchetti, Stephen ; Genberg, Hans; Lipsky, Jonhn and Wadhwani, Sushil. â€Å"Asset Prices and Central Bank Policy†. LondonInternationalCenter for Monetary and Banking Studies, 2000 Stephen J.Taylor. â€Å"Asset Price Dynamics, Volatility, and Prediction†. PrincetonUniversity Press 2005 Dimitrios Asteriou and Stephen G.Hall. â€Å"Applied Econometrics – A modern approach†, Palgrave Macmillan, revised edition 2006, 2007. H.Studentmund. â€Å"Using Econometrics: A practical Guide†. Pearson 2000, International Edition, 5th edition.